Yes it included the cost of excavating. I am including Doug in his email as he is the one to answer your question in detail. He has been feeding biochar to cows and introducing doung beetles onto the

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I scanned the report. Very impressive with their method. Often people quote the percentage of biochar volume in the soil and forget to say at what depth. On page two, this reports sites a machine inte

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All courtesy of the authors. : - ) Tom

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Thanks for sending this through, great piece of work!

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Free access until May 20, 2020: Australia: Biochar increases soil organic carbon, avocado yields and economic return over 4 years of cultivation The results of wood biochar effects on avocado growth,

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Laurent, I agree some biochar can bind nutrients in the soil. Rick

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Yes Greta, I clicked reply, but it doesn't seem to show what was quoted. Rick, it's not just about moisture. As biochar slowly (or not) oxidizes, it will bind with various salts, organic matter, miner

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Thanks Greta, I see I am a listed inventor, assigned to Cool Planet. Rick

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Look like Laurent is quoting from the same patent I posted a link to in this thread. Here it is again: https://patents.justia.com/patent/20140345343

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Hi Laurent, Are you quoting a patent filing? If you think about biochar as it comes out of a machine, "its a little air ball". Some biochar will 1) take on moisture and fill those pores through incipi

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indeed, claim 1 recites: "an acid-containing solution from a stream produced in a process for pyrolyzing biomass;" and claim 2: "wherein the acid-containing stream is produced from mild pyrolysis of t

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Hi Rick, if it was not charged prior to addition, then evidently suffficient nutrients were supplied to compensate for any defficiency. If the farmers follow closely any sign of nutrient deficiency, t

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Don, I don't know what Cool Planet is doing today. Their patents show Acidic acid. I would expect that wood vinegar would help. Rick

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Looks like wood vinegar: https://patents.justia.com/patent/20140345343

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Is that wood vinegar Rick? Chars, Don

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Hi Laurent, I do not believe that as a universal principle you need to charge biochar with nutrients for it to be helpful. If you look at Cool Planet's web site they show a vast number of trials with

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Charging is actually quite necessary. If not, spreading biochar is the equivalent of adding "negative nutrient" (or removing nutrients, if you want). So ideally you should premix with compost (or fert

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We could use 1 page graphics of several systems which show how biochars can be used as part of integrated systems of cultivation and nutrient management. We should show what combinations of organics (

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Hi Tom Spot on. Will let everyone see the paper when reviewed and accepted. Regards Stephen

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The cover crop is growing between the rows of avocados. The cattle graze on the cover crop to keep it down. Doug says he lets the animals – big (cattle) and small (organisms, dung beetles) – do the wo

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